Capsular contracture of a breast implant is a common complication following mammoplasty. It involves the formation of a dense fibrous capsule around the implant, which compresses the endoprosthesis, alters its shape, and causes significant pain syndrome.
The formation of a fibrous capsule around breast implants is a protective function of the body activated when foreign objects are introduced into tissues. This process is not considered a complication and begins immediately after surgery. The capsule forms over several months and should ideally be no thicker than a fraction of a millimeter.
However, over time, it may become thicker and denser, and calcification process may begin. As a result, compression of the breast implant within the breast tissue occurs, leading to its deformation and an increased risk of rupture, thus forming capsular contracture. This condition poses a health risk. Typically, the problem arises within the first year after plastic surgery but can occur even several years later.
This procedure is performed under general anesthesia and typically lasts 2-3 hours. The surgical area is disinfected, an incision is made to remove the implant, followed by excision of the capsular tissues. A new implant is then inserted, or a new pocket is formed (most commonly under the chest muscle, as this area is less prone to such pathology). Finally, stitches are applied.
If endoscopic technique is used, the implant is not replaced. An endoscope is inserted through a puncture, the pathological tissues are excised, and stitches are placed. If the cause of contracture is fluid accumulation, a drainage may be inserted to evacuate the accumulated fluid.
Exact course of procedure is determined by the operating surgeon during preliminary examination and consultation.
Capsular contracture is not uncommon after breast surgery. Since it can alter the aesthetics of the breast and cause discomfort, correction is necessary. Capsulotomy is a modern cosmetic surgery procedure, which can be performed quickly, safely and effectively, given proper equipment and experienced surgeon.
